Judges, Money, and Insurance
The Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, the U.S. bankruptcy, and the New Deal are all interrelated aspects of the conquest and enslavement of America by the World Powers via law and commerce. A summation of this vast over-arching rulership system (including the role of the courts and judges) is as follows:

Trading With the Enemy and Emergency War Powers.
When writing the U.S. Constitution Madison wrote that it is a standard mode of operation of a state to enhance its power through "the old trick of turning every contingency into a resource for accumulating force in the government." A government's practice of fostering emergencies and stepping in as hero to extricate the people from the "difficulty" through dramatic increase in state power is as old as governments themselves. It does not matter what the "contingency" is, whether "benevolent" (dispensing benefits like welfare, food stamps, paying farmers not to grow crops, etc.), dealing with some "emergency" (the "drug problem," a natural disaster, a "banking" crisis), or demanding sacrifice and allegiance to wage war (such as the current war on “terror”). The Law of Nations recognizes war as a legitimate endeavor for conquest and territorial expansion of a “sovereign” government. This includes the United States of America. The Constitution states:

"Congress shall have the power to declare War, grant Letters of Marque and reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;" Article 1, Section 8, Clause 11.

In 1851 the Limited Liability Act introduced admiralty-maritime-insurance into the country. The sea began to take over the land. In 1861 the United States was placed under the Emergency War Powers (12 Stat 319), which has never been repealed and is codified, inter alia, in Title 50 USC Sections 212, 213, 215, Appendix 16, 26 CFR Chapter 1 § 303.1-6(a), and 31 CFR Chapter 5 § 500.701 Penalties. The Civil War was not fought over slavery (a mere pretext), but over private banking control of America. Since 1838, thanks to the veto by President Andrew Jackson of the renewal of the charter of the Second Bank of the United States (a Rothschild paper-money bank), the country had been without such a foreign-owned bank that was essential for the bankers to have on this soil to implement their banking paper-money swindle. Naturally, to the world’s power elite, the absence of their major medium for being able to systematically plunder and exploit the people, debauch their currency, and attaining political/economic/legal ownership of the country, was intolerable. Hence the Civil War, to “divide and conquer” by pitting the North against the South and making the winner of the contest the Federal Government in the District of Columbia.

On October 6, 1917, the United States, under cover of World War I, passed the Trading With the Enemy Act (H.R. 4960, Public, No. 91), granting itself extraordinary additional powers under the cover of WW1. The Act states:

"(b) During time of war or during any other period of national emergency declared by the President, the President may, through any agency that he may designate, or otherwise, investigate, regulate, or prohibit, under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe, by means of licenses or otherwise, any transactions in foreign exchange, transfers of credit between or payments by banking institutions as defined by the President, and export, hoarding, melting, or earmarking of gold or silver coin or bullion or currency, by any person within the United States or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof; and the President may require any person engaged in any transaction referred to in this subdivision to furnish under oath, complete information relative thereto, including the production of any books of account, contracts, letters or other papers, in connection therewith in the custody or control of such person, either before or after such transaction is completed...." and

"(c) Such other individuals, or body or class of individuals, as may be natives, citizens, or subjects of any nation with which the United States is at war, other than citizens of the United States, wherever resident or wherever doing business, as the President, if he shall find the safety of the United States or the successful prosecution of the war shall so require, may, by proclamation, include within the term 'enemy'." [Emphasis added.]

On March 9, 1933, just after Roosevelt's Inauguration, Congress passed the Amendatory Act (48 Stat. 1) to the Trading With the Enemy Act at a time when the United States was not in a shooting war with any foreign foe. Every “citizen of the United States” was (unknowingly) placed at war with their conquerors, the bankers and Power Elite, who had defeated the country chiefly by the paper-money banking swindle, not force of arms. This amended version provided "legal" justification for dramatic increases in the power, scope, and authority of the new U.S. Government (now an administrative agency of the FR/IMF bankers). Four of the facets and consequences of such increase are as follows:

1. The jurisdiction in which the President became monarch/dictator in a "Constitutional Dictatorship" changed and became operational within the private, commercial, military, international jurisdiction of the creditors in bankruptcy, the IMF (the “Fund”) and the Bank of International Settlement (the “Bank”). Section 1 of Title I of the Amendatory Ac: states:

"The actions, regulations, rules, licenses, orders and proclamations heretofore or hereinafter taken, promulgated, made, or issued by the President of the United States or the Secretary of the Treasury, pursuant to the authority conferred by subdivision (b) of section 5 of the Act of October 6, 1917, as amended, are hereby approved and confirmed.

This means that anything the President wants to do is "approved and confirmed" automatically, in advance ("hereinafter") and backed by the full force, effect, and power of the "Government." Title 12 USC 95(a) states in part:

"(a) In order to provide for the safer and more effective operation of the national Banking System and the Federal Reserve System [indicating that the President acts for, on behalf of, and under the direction of the Federal Reserve],...during such emergency period as the President of the United States by proclamation may prescribe,..."

Every President since Roosevelt has reaffirmed the "national emergency" and issued "Executive Orders" under 12 USC 95(a), while continuing the bankruptcy “reorganization" of the country to the FR/IMF Bankers. Since March 18, 1968, 31 USC 5112 (84 Stat. 1769; 1970) and 31 USC 5119, FRNs have not been redeemable in silver. In 1971-1973 President Nixon declared total international bankruptcy, rendering private Federal Reserve (FR) "Notes" unredeemable, non-negotiable ("floating") pieces of paper as a medium of exchange. Such Notes are referenced in 26 USC 165(g) as "worthless securities."

2. The original Trading With the Enemy Act excluded citizens of the United States from being treated as the enemy when involved in transactions wholly within the United States. The Amendatory Act of March 9, 1933, however, included the people of the United States as the enemy by inserting the following text:
"...by any person within the United States or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof;..." Chapter 1, Title 1, Section 1(b).

By operation of law the American people became the "enemy" of the private FR/IMF Creditors in bankruptcy, who have thereafter been administering their prize/conquest through their alter ego (front), the "U.S. Government." To regulate and control their slaves/chattel property, they rendered (under color of law and government) all intercourse illegal amongst citizens of the United States illegal and forbidden without obtaining permission through licensing. To travel, a driver license is required; to open a business requires a business license; to work for another one must obtain licensing through a Social Security card.[1] To be "within the United States" one must merely be a "person" or "resident," i.e. a 14th Amendment "citizen of the United States."

3. Through the Amendatory Act (also known as the “Emergency Banking Relief Act”) the American people became "Merchants" in a colorable, private "Law Merchant," a particular version of the ancient "law of negotiable instruments," whereby anyone dealing with private commercial paper is subject to all the laws, rules, regulations, policies, restrictions, and harsh penalties connected with its use. Negotiable Instrument Law is now preeminently codified in the Uniform Commercial Code. A "Merchant" sacrifices all his rights to ensure that the "Law of Negotiable Instruments," upon which commerce in a particular sphere depends, is successfully executed, and precisely enforced.

Such strict obligations have been the duty of "Merchants" for thousands of years. All a Merchant's property, records, books, and affairs are totally subject to inspection with harsh penalties imposed for aberrations. A "Merchant" must make a yearly accounting, now fulfilled by filing IRS Form 1040 whereby reports of earnings and affairs are made to the owners of the negotiable instruments (FRNs) the slaves/Merchants are compelled to use.[2]

One is bound to the Law Merchant not simply by using the "money" per se. Adhesion contracts subject persons to the 14th Amendment as bankrupt corporate/commercial entities in legal incapacity. Such persons are "subject to" (feudal law term used in the 14th Amendment) the private, colorable Law Merchant for its private bankruptcy, revenue, forfeiture, admiralty/maritime, general equity courts to confiscate property in rem.
By becoming party to Government adhesion contracts such as marriage licenses, and chattel/pedigree papers called "birth certificates," people volunteered to change their standing as sovereigns with unalienable rights to commercial feudal slaves/serfs with no rights and only Creditor-granted privileges.

In other words, in 1933 the United States openly declared bankruptcy, publicly acknowledging its inability to pay its debts and obligations. The Treasury was exhausted from having paid ever-increasing compound interest in gold on credit, i.e. bookkeeping entries, publicly "borrowed" from the Federal Reserve, who in turn is paid by extracting money from the people by the legal/governmental system. Through this scheme, the people pay with their lifeblood to finance their own subjugation, enslavement, and systematic plunder.

When a government becomes bankrupt it is rendered “civilly dead” and loses all claim of sovereignty (not that any government, as a legal fiction, can ever have any sovereignty other than by presumption). In 1933 the bankrupt United States went into receivership to its Creditors and new owners, the International Banking Cartel (Federal Reserve, IMF, etc.).[3] Roosevelt implemented a vast bureaucratic dictatorship over the conquered country, called the "New Deal." (See Roosevelt's Executive Orders 6073, 6102, 6111, & 6260; Senate Report 93-549, pp. 187, 594; Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917 and the Amendatory Act of March 9, 1933 codified at 12 USC 95a; House Joint Resolution 192 of June 5, 1933; Perry v. U.S. (1935), 294 U.S. 330-381, 79 L Ed 912; 31 USC 5112, 5119.)

On March 3, 1933, Eugene Meyer, Governor of the Federal Reserve Board instructed Roosevelt to declare a "banking holiday" (bank closure) in order to change the nation's money from gold-backed Federal Reserve Notes, redeemable warehouse receipts for gold on deposit with the Banks, to Federal Reserve Bank Notes, privately owned unredeemable commercial paper, War/Emergency Currency, Reinsurance Scrip issued by and belonging to the Federal Reserve Corporation.

The "Bank Holiday" of March 6, 1933, relieved the Banks with the stroke of a pen of their contractual obligation to the American people to redeem Federal Reserve Notes in gold and replaced substance-backed money of sovereigns with "monopoly money" backed by the credit/debt of slaves. The "holiday" was proposed on the following basis:

"WHEREAS, In the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the continued and increasing withdrawal of currency and gold [the people wanted their own money] from the banks of the country has now created a national emergency [i.e. emergency for the banks who wanted to steal the gold], and

WHEREAS, It is understood that adequate remedial measures cannot be enacted before tomorrow morning,..."
Roosevelt was ordered by Meyer to decree:

"WHEREAS the nation's banking institutions are being subjected to heavy withdrawals of currency for hoarding; and

"WHEREAS there is increasing speculative activity in foreign exchanges; and

"WHEREAS these conditions have created a national emergency in which it is in the best interest of all bank depositors that a period of respite be provided with a view to preventing future hoarding of coin, bullion or currency or speculation in foreign exchange, and permitting the application of appropriate measures for dealing with the emergency in order to protect the interests of all the people; and

"WHEREAS it is provided in Section 5(b) of the Act of October 6, 1917, as amended, that "The President may investigate, regulate, or prohibit, under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe, by means of licenses or otherwise, any transactions in foreign exchange and the export, hoarding, melting, or earmarkings of gold or silver coin or bullion or currency * * *;[4] and..." [Emphasis added.]

The gold had belonged to the people who had placed it in trust in the Federal Reserve Banks. The Fed-engineered crash of 1929 was caused by abruptly raising the reserve requirements in member banks. The huge liquidity squeeze shrunk credit and money availability drastically, causing the "Great Depression," the cover for public implementation of the bankruptcy and Amendatory Act (Emergency Banking Relief Act).
The world’s legal/financial/governmental system is now a grand conglomerate of private, commercial, international financial interests expressed through an immense interlocking complex of strawmen—governments, trusts, corporations, banks, insurance companies, etc. “Money” is military/insurance scrip, private commercial paper owned by FR/IMF bankers who back the paper with the labor and property of every citizen of the United States, who are the assets pledged to finance the bankruptcy reorganization and subjugation of the captive people in war/conquest via the Amendatory Act.

The state of emergency implemented by the Amendatory Act enables the President to issue executive orders that authorize the Government to do anything it wants under the guise of the exigency. There was a banking crisis and the country was bankrupt. HJR 192 of June 5, 1933 allowed only discharge of debts with limited liability. The country lost its money. An irredeemable paper money system with multiple demands thereon became the medium of exchange.
The bankrupt citizens fell into legal incapacity and needed an intermediate to represent them. The Government went into receivership and everything went into a trust to administer the assets. All "law" became private commercial regulations, credit/debt reinsurance in Maritime law. The estate of the civilly-dead-to-the-law citizens went into bankruptcy/probate and pledged to the Public Charitable Trust, “PCT,” the cestui que trust of the 14th Amendment managed by U.S. Inc as administrator/executor.

The FR reinsured the public debt as a surety company for the insolvent captives, issuing the insurance scrip" money" within a military, martial law rule jurisdiction. US Inc. is reinsured in bankruptcy with a credit policy and every citizen has been made a “merchant,” liable to the policy, and compelled to perform "in personam." The jurisdiction comes from the "in rem" (the captured prize) because there is no money—only credit or evidence of debt.

In other words, FRNs express the public credit/debt in bankruptcy underwritten by the Federal Reserve Re-Insurance Policy functioning out of a martial-law-rule private, international, commercial, admiralty/equity/probate/trust jurisdiction.[5] All the citizens’ assets became pledged to finance the insurance premiums on the National Debt. The insolvent citizenry came under compelled performance and required to commit everything to finance the bankruptcy. The entire political-economic system became a vast reinsurance policy, i.e. “Public Policy,” under Maritime Law. "Taxes" are only re-distributions of wealth as dictated by the Policy.

In maritime law one is compelled to carry insurance to protect the voyage. Prior to 1933 one was not insured in a maritime contract in Admiralty jurisdiction unless involved in shipping. Now everyone and everything are perpetually moving, on a voyage of never-ending risk, floating on a sea of bottomless credit and unpayable debt in a mutual joint-venture, tossed about by waves of endless re-hypothecations constituting the reinsurance policy. All that exists is credit/debt represented by non-substance FRNs, backed only by promises of more paper evidencing debt collected and enforced by the system’s vast legalized violence machinery.
Any kinds of demands can be created on commercial paper. The stabilizing standard and ground has been dissolved into a state of flux and degeneracy—multiple ever-changing demands, expediency, manipulation. In the Code of Federal Regulations is official acknowledgment that the value given in loans of credit are bookkeeping entries:

12 CFR 226.2: "Credit" means the right to defer payment or to incur debt and defer its payment.

122 CFR 811.1: Each Reserve Bank is hereby authorized, in accordance with the provisions of this part, to: (a) Issue book entry Federal Financing Bank securities by means of entries on its records which shall include the name of the depositor, the amount, the loan title (or series) and maturity date...

All persons are subject to the revenue laws to perform and pay the insurance premiums on the FR Policy that underwrites the unpayable debt with the people's own credit. Payment is impossible. There is no substance in the money other than the people and their labor/property (assets in bankruptcy reorganization) operating under compelled performance. Every appropriation passed by Congress creates another policy in the grand re-insurance scheme. Everything is in perpetual motion, like waves on the sea.

All “civil rights” exist under the 14th Amendment, and pertain to the public credit and its corresponding debt. "Civil" = "money." Since the "money" is debt and compelled performance, all "civil rights" connected with the use of said “money” are the result of fiat-law (insurance contracts) of the Creditors.

Those who partake of the credit owe the debt. If someone has been injured within the system he is entitled to maintenance and cure in accordance with the insurance policy. All commerce is re-shuffling of hypothecations. The allodials are tossed around as collateral warranties to all the policies, which are continually re-invented. There is no money; everything is insurance.

To summarize: Public Policy = commerce = FR Re-Insurance Policy = Public Credit/Debt = commercial transactions of private enterprise = Non-Substance Reinsurance scrip (FRNs) functioning as “money” in a colorable admiralty/maritime jurisdiction. This situation is now the only government operational in the United States, and is merely private business management operating as a corporation/public-trust called the "United States Government." The U.S. corporation operates in bankruptcy/probate and international colorable admiralty-maritime Law Merchant, i.e. martial law rule.

Through the 14th Amendment everyone with a birth certificate has been pledged “hypothecated” since inception. Everyone has been locked into the credit policy, in bankruptcy and legal incapacity, to which they are compelled to perform. All the Federal and State Codes are rules of compelled performance! Failure to perform to some in rem contract for the policy is an in personam criminal action. You failed to obey the captain's orders on the voyage. In bankruptcy and receivership, shorn of rights and sovereignty, every “citizen of the United States” exists to comply with the wishes of his/her owners/creditors.

The bottom line is that the United States is bankrupt and can never pay the debt, but every citizen must work to perform on it anyway—without end. The people are working and paying themselves into exhaustion and ruin chasing the mirage of insuring and reinsuring an unpayable debt. If it is not possible to pay in substance, one can never close the circle, end the issue and be free. The matter is never finished. The debt is never paid; it always remains, even after being "discharged." There are always endless new hypothecations, ever-increasing new Public (“National”) Debt. Only through the Redemption process and use of one’s exemption can one close the circle and lower the Public Debt by “charging back” debt from the Public side of the Treasury ledger to the private/asset side from which all the money that exists was borrowed in the first place.

4. Judges. Since 1933, the bankruptcy, HJR-192, etc., everything has been insurance. This includes all of the courts these days, all of which function in the underwritten jurisdiction of the creditors in bankruptcy of the insolvent US Inc. As a result, the insurance underwriter is the ultimate responsible party for a judge’s jurisdiction and actions. When a judge signs an order it must, by contract and commercial law, contain the guarantee of underwriting and bonding by the judge’s underwriter that bonds/insures/employs the judge. A judge does not exist without his bond. A “judge” is a fiction. There must be something commercially liable/responsible/accountable behind a judge’s order, something that must pay in case the judge screws up.

Every judge these days is therefore an agent/operative acting for the insurance company that pays him, has full or part ownership of the court, and participates in underwriting the bankrupt US Government. In dueling, the second takes the place of the first in the dueling field. The second is a paid mercenary. The insurance companies own the governments of essentially every nation on the planet today (all of which are bankrupt and in receivership to the banksters). The judge is the military second/agent/hatchet-man, functioning for the purpose of collecting revenue for payments on the policy premiums of the insurance that floats the entire US Government, bureaucracy, and States.

Citizens incur commercial liability by breaking the laws passed as public policy. “Policy” means the “Federal Reserve Reinsurance Policy” underwriting US Inc. in bankruptcy. The insurance companies make sure there are countless laws in order to generate more lawbreakers to make more and more people more and more liable so they can collect more and more revenue on the premium violations. Insurance companies make enormous mounts of money in court cases. A judge’s employment contract is with his underwriter, the insurance company that bonds him. This contract is the judge, and expressly limits him to dealing only with limited liability entities because the insurance policy can insure only limited liability entities (fictions), not unlimited liability beings (real people). This is why a judge cannot deal with you as the living principal. The instant he tries he is out of office because he is acting outside his jurisdiction (his contract with the insurance company that insures/bonds/employs him). In such a case he is not functioning under contract, not insured, not bonded, and is acting only a private man with unlimited liability and is liable accordingly. His errors and omissions policy will not cover him in such case, and he is personally liable for all of his actions, which are ultra vires and outside of his authority/immunity/jurisdiction.